Oral Cnm-positive Streptococcus Mutans Expressing Collagen Binding Activity is a Risk Factor for Cerebral Microbleeds and Cognitive Impairment
Identifieur interne : 000839 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000838; suivant : 000840Oral Cnm-positive Streptococcus Mutans Expressing Collagen Binding Activity is a Risk Factor for Cerebral Microbleeds and Cognitive Impairment
Auteurs : Isao Watanabe [Japon] ; Nagato Kuriyama [Japon] ; Fumitaro Miyatani [Japon] ; Ryota Nomura [Japon] ; Shuhei Naka [Japon] ; Kazuhiko Nakano [Japon] ; Masafumi Ihara [Japon] ; Komei Iwai [Japon] ; Daisuke Matsui [Japon] ; Etsuko Ozaki [Japon] ; Teruhide Koyama [Japon] ; Masaru Nishigaki [Japon] ; Toshiro Yamamoto [Japon] ; Aiko Tamura [Japon] ; Toshiki Mizuno [Japon] ; Kentaro Akazawa [Japon] ; Akihiro Takada [Japon] ; Kazuo Takeda [Japon] ; Kei Yamada [Japon] ; Masanori Nakagawa [Japon] ; Tokutaro Tanaka [Japon] ; Narisato Kanamura [Japon] ; Robert P. Friedland [États-Unis] ; Yoshiyuki Watanabe [Japon]Source :
- Scientific Reports [ 2045-2322 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are an important risk factor for stroke and dementia. We have shown that the collagen binding surface Cnm protein expressed on
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/srep38561
PubMed: 27934941
PubMed Central: 5146923
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Oral Cnm<italic>-</italic>positive <italic>Streptococcus Mutans</italic> Expressing Collagen Binding Activity is a Risk Factor for Cerebral Microbleeds and Cognitive Impairment</title><author><name sortKey="Watanabe, Isao" sort="Watanabe, Isao" uniqKey="Watanabe I" first="Isao" last="Watanabe">Isao Watanabe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Epidemiology for Community health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuriyama, Nagato" sort="Kuriyama, Nagato" uniqKey="Kuriyama N" first="Nagato" last="Kuriyama">Nagato Kuriyama</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Epidemiology for Community health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miyatani, Fumitaro" sort="Miyatani, Fumitaro" uniqKey="Miyatani F" first="Fumitaro" last="Miyatani">Fumitaro Miyatani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Epidemiology for Community health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nomura, Ryota" sort="Nomura, Ryota" uniqKey="Nomura R" first="Ryota" last="Nomura">Ryota Nomura</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry</institution>, Osaka, 5650871,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naka, Shuhei" sort="Naka, Shuhei" uniqKey="Naka S" first="Shuhei" last="Naka">Shuhei Naka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry</institution>, Osaka, 5650871,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakano, Kazuhiko" sort="Nakano, Kazuhiko" uniqKey="Nakano K" first="Kazuhiko" last="Nakano">Kazuhiko Nakano</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry</institution>, Osaka, 5650871,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ihara, Masafumi" sort="Ihara, Masafumi" uniqKey="Ihara M" first="Masafumi" last="Ihara">Masafumi Ihara</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center</institution>, Osaka, 5658565,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Iwai, Komei" sort="Iwai, Komei" uniqKey="Iwai K" first="Komei" last="Iwai">Komei Iwai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Epidemiology for Community health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Matsui, Daisuke" sort="Matsui, Daisuke" uniqKey="Matsui D" first="Daisuke" last="Matsui">Daisuke Matsui</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Epidemiology for Community health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ozaki, Etsuko" sort="Ozaki, Etsuko" uniqKey="Ozaki E" first="Etsuko" last="Ozaki">Etsuko Ozaki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Epidemiology for Community health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koyama, Teruhide" sort="Koyama, Teruhide" uniqKey="Koyama T" first="Teruhide" last="Koyama">Teruhide Koyama</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Epidemiology for Community health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nishigaki, Masaru" sort="Nishigaki, Masaru" uniqKey="Nishigaki M" first="Masaru" last="Nishigaki">Masaru Nishigaki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yamamoto, Toshiro" sort="Yamamoto, Toshiro" uniqKey="Yamamoto T" first="Toshiro" last="Yamamoto">Toshiro Yamamoto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tamura, Aiko" sort="Tamura, Aiko" uniqKey="Tamura A" first="Aiko" last="Tamura">Aiko Tamura</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mizuno, Toshiki" sort="Mizuno, Toshiki" uniqKey="Mizuno T" first="Toshiki" last="Mizuno">Toshiki Mizuno</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akazawa, Kentaro" sort="Akazawa, Kentaro" uniqKey="Akazawa K" first="Kentaro" last="Akazawa">Kentaro Akazawa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Department of Radiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Takada, Akihiro" sort="Takada, Akihiro" uniqKey="Takada A" first="Akihiro" last="Takada">Akihiro Takada</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Kyoto Industrial Health Association</institution>, Kyoto, 6048472,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Takeda, Kazuo" sort="Takeda, Kazuo" uniqKey="Takeda K" first="Kazuo" last="Takeda">Kazuo Takeda</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Kyoto Industrial Health Association</institution>, Kyoto, 6048472,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yamada, Kei" sort="Yamada, Kei" uniqKey="Yamada K" first="Kei" last="Yamada">Kei Yamada</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Department of Radiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakagawa, Masanori" sort="Nakagawa, Masanori" uniqKey="Nakagawa M" first="Masanori" last="Nakagawa">Masanori Nakagawa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a8"><institution>North Medical Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6292261,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Tokutaro" sort="Tanaka, Tokutaro" uniqKey="Tanaka T" first="Tokutaro" last="Tanaka">Tokutaro Tanaka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Neurosurgery, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital</institution>, Shizuoka, 4308558,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kanamura, Narisato" sort="Kanamura, Narisato" uniqKey="Kanamura N" first="Narisato" last="Kanamura">Narisato Kanamura</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Friedland, Robert P" sort="Friedland, Robert P" uniqKey="Friedland R" first="Robert P." last="Friedland">Robert P. Friedland</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>Department of Neurology, University of Louisville</institution>, KY, 40202,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watanabe, Yoshiyuki" sort="Watanabe, Yoshiyuki" uniqKey="Watanabe Y" first="Yoshiyuki" last="Watanabe">Yoshiyuki Watanabe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Epidemiology for Community health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27934941</idno><idno type="pmc">5146923</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5146923</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5146923</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/srep38561</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000839</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000839</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000839</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000839</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Oral Cnm<italic>-</italic>positive <italic>Streptococcus Mutans</italic> Expressing Collagen Binding Activity is a Risk Factor for Cerebral Microbleeds and Cognitive Impairment</title><author><name sortKey="Watanabe, Isao" sort="Watanabe, Isao" uniqKey="Watanabe I" first="Isao" last="Watanabe">Isao Watanabe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Epidemiology for Community health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuriyama, Nagato" sort="Kuriyama, Nagato" uniqKey="Kuriyama N" first="Nagato" last="Kuriyama">Nagato Kuriyama</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Epidemiology for Community health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miyatani, Fumitaro" sort="Miyatani, Fumitaro" uniqKey="Miyatani F" first="Fumitaro" last="Miyatani">Fumitaro Miyatani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Epidemiology for Community health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nomura, Ryota" sort="Nomura, Ryota" uniqKey="Nomura R" first="Ryota" last="Nomura">Ryota Nomura</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry</institution>, Osaka, 5650871,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naka, Shuhei" sort="Naka, Shuhei" uniqKey="Naka S" first="Shuhei" last="Naka">Shuhei Naka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry</institution>, Osaka, 5650871,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakano, Kazuhiko" sort="Nakano, Kazuhiko" uniqKey="Nakano K" first="Kazuhiko" last="Nakano">Kazuhiko Nakano</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry</institution>, Osaka, 5650871,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ihara, Masafumi" sort="Ihara, Masafumi" uniqKey="Ihara M" first="Masafumi" last="Ihara">Masafumi Ihara</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center</institution>, Osaka, 5658565,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Iwai, Komei" sort="Iwai, Komei" uniqKey="Iwai K" first="Komei" last="Iwai">Komei Iwai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Epidemiology for Community health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Matsui, Daisuke" sort="Matsui, Daisuke" uniqKey="Matsui D" first="Daisuke" last="Matsui">Daisuke Matsui</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Epidemiology for Community health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ozaki, Etsuko" sort="Ozaki, Etsuko" uniqKey="Ozaki E" first="Etsuko" last="Ozaki">Etsuko Ozaki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Epidemiology for Community health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koyama, Teruhide" sort="Koyama, Teruhide" uniqKey="Koyama T" first="Teruhide" last="Koyama">Teruhide Koyama</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Epidemiology for Community health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nishigaki, Masaru" sort="Nishigaki, Masaru" uniqKey="Nishigaki M" first="Masaru" last="Nishigaki">Masaru Nishigaki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yamamoto, Toshiro" sort="Yamamoto, Toshiro" uniqKey="Yamamoto T" first="Toshiro" last="Yamamoto">Toshiro Yamamoto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tamura, Aiko" sort="Tamura, Aiko" uniqKey="Tamura A" first="Aiko" last="Tamura">Aiko Tamura</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mizuno, Toshiki" sort="Mizuno, Toshiki" uniqKey="Mizuno T" first="Toshiki" last="Mizuno">Toshiki Mizuno</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akazawa, Kentaro" sort="Akazawa, Kentaro" uniqKey="Akazawa K" first="Kentaro" last="Akazawa">Kentaro Akazawa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Department of Radiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Takada, Akihiro" sort="Takada, Akihiro" uniqKey="Takada A" first="Akihiro" last="Takada">Akihiro Takada</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Kyoto Industrial Health Association</institution>, Kyoto, 6048472,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Takeda, Kazuo" sort="Takeda, Kazuo" uniqKey="Takeda K" first="Kazuo" last="Takeda">Kazuo Takeda</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Kyoto Industrial Health Association</institution>, Kyoto, 6048472,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yamada, Kei" sort="Yamada, Kei" uniqKey="Yamada K" first="Kei" last="Yamada">Kei Yamada</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Department of Radiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakagawa, Masanori" sort="Nakagawa, Masanori" uniqKey="Nakagawa M" first="Masanori" last="Nakagawa">Masanori Nakagawa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a8"><institution>North Medical Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6292261,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Tokutaro" sort="Tanaka, Tokutaro" uniqKey="Tanaka T" first="Tokutaro" last="Tanaka">Tokutaro Tanaka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Department of Neurosurgery, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital</institution>, Shizuoka, 4308558,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kanamura, Narisato" sort="Kanamura, Narisato" uniqKey="Kanamura N" first="Narisato" last="Kanamura">Narisato Kanamura</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Friedland, Robert P" sort="Friedland, Robert P" uniqKey="Friedland R" first="Robert P." last="Friedland">Robert P. Friedland</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>Department of Neurology, University of Louisville</institution>, KY, 40202,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watanabe, Yoshiyuki" sort="Watanabe, Yoshiyuki" uniqKey="Watanabe Y" first="Yoshiyuki" last="Watanabe">Yoshiyuki Watanabe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Epidemiology for Community health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Scientific Reports</title><idno type="eISSN">2045-2322</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are an important risk factor for stroke and dementia. We have shown that the collagen binding surface Cnm protein expressed on <italic>cnm</italic>-positive <italic>Streptococcus mutans</italic> is involved in the development of CMBs. However, whether the collagen binding activity of <italic>cnm</italic>-positive <italic>S. mutans</italic> is related to the nature of the CMBs or to cognitive impairment is unclear. Two-hundred seventy nine community residents (70.0 years) were examined for the presence or absence of <italic>cnm</italic>-positive <italic>S. mutans</italic> in the saliva by PCR and collagen binding activity, CMBs, and cognitive function were evaluated. Cnm-positive <italic>S. mutans</italic> was detected more often among subjects with CMBs (p < 0.01) than those without. The risk of CMBs was significantly higher (odds ratio = 14.3) in the group with <italic>S. mutans</italic> expressing collagen binding activity, as compared to the group without that finding. Deep CMBs were more frequent (67%) and cognitive function was lower among subjects with <italic>cnm</italic>-positive <italic>S. mutans</italic> expressing collagen binding activity. This work supports the role of oral health in stroke and dementia and proposes a molecular mechanism for the interaction.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kobayashi, N" uniqKey="Kobayashi N">N. Kobayashi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wu, B" uniqKey="Wu B">B. Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fillenbaum, G G" uniqKey="Fillenbaum G">G. G. Fillenbaum</name></author><author><name sortKey="Plassman, B L" uniqKey="Plassman B">B. L. Plassman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, L" uniqKey="Guo L">L. Guo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kaye, E K" uniqKey="Kaye E">E. K. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Sci Rep</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Sci Rep</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Scientific Reports</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2045-2322</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27934941</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5146923</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">srep38561</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/srep38561</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Oral Cnm<italic>-</italic>positive <italic>Streptococcus Mutans</italic> Expressing Collagen Binding Activity is a Risk Factor for Cerebral Microbleeds and Cognitive Impairment</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Watanabe</surname><given-names>Isao</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kuriyama</surname><given-names>Nagato</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1">a</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a3">3</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Miyatani</surname><given-names>Fumitaro</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nomura</surname><given-names>Ryota</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Naka</surname><given-names>Shuhei</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nakano</surname><given-names>Kazuhiko</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ihara</surname><given-names>Masafumi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Iwai</surname><given-names>Komei</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Matsui</surname><given-names>Daisuke</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ozaki</surname><given-names>Etsuko</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Koyama</surname><given-names>Teruhide</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nishigaki</surname><given-names>Masaru</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yamamoto</surname><given-names>Toshiro</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tamura</surname><given-names>Aiko</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mizuno</surname><given-names>Toshiki</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Akazawa</surname><given-names>Kentaro</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Takada</surname><given-names>Akihiro</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Takeda</surname><given-names>Kazuo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yamada</surname><given-names>Kei</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nakagawa</surname><given-names>Masanori</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tanaka</surname><given-names>Tokutaro</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kanamura</surname><given-names>Narisato</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Friedland</surname><given-names>Robert P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Watanabe</surname><given-names>Yoshiyuki</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><aff id="a1"><label>1</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology for Community health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></aff><aff id="a2"><label>2</label><institution>Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></aff><aff id="a3"><label>3</label><institution>Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></aff><aff id="a4"><label>4</label><institution>Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry</institution>, Osaka, 5650871,<country>Japan</country></aff><aff id="a5"><label>5</label><institution>Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center</institution>, Osaka, 5658565,<country>Japan</country></aff><aff id="a6"><label>6</label><institution>Department of Radiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6028566,<country>Japan</country></aff><aff id="a7"><label>7</label><institution>Kyoto Industrial Health Association</institution>, Kyoto, 6048472,<country>Japan</country></aff><aff id="a8"><label>8</label><institution>North Medical Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine</institution>, Kyoto, 6292261,<country>Japan</country></aff><aff id="a9"><label>9</label><institution>Department of Neurosurgery, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital</institution>, Shizuoka, 4308558,<country>Japan</country></aff><aff id="a10"><label>10</label><institution>Department of Neurology, University of Louisville</institution>, KY, 40202,<country>USA</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="c1"><label>a</label><email>nkuriyam@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp</email></corresp><fn id="n1"><label>*</label><p>These authors contributed equally to this work.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><elocation-id>38561</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>17</day><month>08</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder>The Author(s)</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><pmc-comment>author-paid</pmc-comment>
<license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are an important risk factor for stroke and dementia. We have shown that the collagen binding surface Cnm protein expressed on <italic>cnm</italic>-positive <italic>Streptococcus mutans</italic> is involved in the development of CMBs. However, whether the collagen binding activity of <italic>cnm</italic>-positive <italic>S. mutans</italic> is related to the nature of the CMBs or to cognitive impairment is unclear. Two-hundred seventy nine community residents (70.0 years) were examined for the presence or absence of <italic>cnm</italic>-positive <italic>S. mutans</italic> in the saliva by PCR and collagen binding activity, CMBs, and cognitive function were evaluated. Cnm-positive <italic>S. mutans</italic> was detected more often among subjects with CMBs (p < 0.01) than those without. The risk of CMBs was significantly higher (odds ratio = 14.3) in the group with <italic>S. mutans</italic> expressing collagen binding activity, as compared to the group without that finding. Deep CMBs were more frequent (67%) and cognitive function was lower among subjects with <italic>cnm</italic>-positive <italic>S. mutans</italic> expressing collagen binding activity. This work supports the role of oral health in stroke and dementia and proposes a molecular mechanism for the interaction.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Cerebral microbleeds (arrows) using the SWI-MRI-based classification is shown in this figure.</title><p>(<bold>a</bold>) Lobar microbleeds distributed across the temporal lobes. (<bold>b</bold>) Isolated deep microbleeds in the internal aspect of the right putamen.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep38561-f1"></graphic></fig><table-wrap position="float" id="t1"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Characteristics by gender.</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Variable</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Males (n = 189)</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Females (n = 90)</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Total (n = 279)</th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">n (%)</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">n (%)</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">n (%)</th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td colspan="4" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Clinical characteristics</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Age (years) ± SD</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">70.2 ± 6.1</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">68.6 ± 6.0*</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">70.0 ± 6.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Age (range)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">54–87</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">60–89</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">54–89</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> BMI (kg/m<sup>2</sup>) ± SD</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">23.1 ± 2.7</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">22.0 ± 3.2**</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">22.7 ± 3.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Hypertension</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">104 (55)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">41 (46)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">145 (52)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Hyperlipidemia</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">111 (59)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">54 (60)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">165 (59)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Diabetes mellitus</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">30 (16)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">5 (5.6)*</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">35 (13)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> History of stroke</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">4 (2.1)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1 (1.1)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">5 (1.8)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> History of cardiovascular disease</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">10 (5.3)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">4 (4.4)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">14 (5.0)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Antiplatelet therapy</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">23 (12)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">6 (6.7)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">29 (10)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Anticoagulant therapy</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">10 (5.3)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1 (1.1)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">11 (3.9)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Drinking</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">138 (73)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">43 (48)**</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">181 (65)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Smoking</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">27 (14)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">4 (4.4)*</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">31 (11)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Education ≤12 years<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">92 (49)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">58 (66)**</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">150 (55)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> baPWV (m/s) ± SD</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1758 ± 228.2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1691 ± 333.4</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1736 ± 304.6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> hs-CRP ≥ 0.1 mg/dL</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">50 (27)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">27 (30)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">77 (28)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Dental check-up findings</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Number of remaining teeth ± SD</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">22.8 ± 7.7</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">22.5 ± 6.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">22.7 ± 7.5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Dental caries+</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">69 (37)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">17 (19)**</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">86 (31)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> CPI ≥ code 3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">55 (29)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">22 (24)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">77 (28)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Laboratory evaluations</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> APOE ε4 allele carrier<sup>b</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">35 (19)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">23 (26)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">58 (21)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> <italic>Streptococcus mutans</italic>-isolated</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">171 (91)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">90 (100)**</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">261 (94)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> <italic>cnm</italic>-positive <italic>S. mutans</italic>-isolated</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">57 (30)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">34 (38)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">91 (33)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Collagen binding activity ≥10%</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">45 (24)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">26 (29)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">71 (25)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Brain MRI findings</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> CMBs</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">49 (26)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">24 (27)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">73 (26)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> PVH ≥ grade 2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">24 (13)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">11 (12)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">35 (13)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> DWMH ≥ grade 2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">51 (27)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">26 (29)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">77 (28)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Cognitive functional evaluations</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> MMSE (score) ± SD</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">28.6 ± 1.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">27.9 ± 2.5*</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">28.3 ± 2.1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Letter fluency tasks</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> “Ta” (score) ± SD</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">8.3 ± 3.1</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">8.1 ± 3.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">8.2 ± 3.3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> “Ka” (score) ± SD</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">9.9 ± 3.4</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">9.5 ± 3.3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">9.8 ± 3.4</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t1-fn1"><p>*T-tests <italic>p</italic> < 0.05 and Chi-square tests <italic>p</italic> < 0.05, **T-tests <italic>p</italic> < 0.01 and Chi-square tests <italic>p</italic> < 0.01.</p></fn><fn id="t1-fn2"><p><sup>a</sup>Data are missing for education (n = 4). <sup>b</sup>Data are missing for APOE genotype (n = 7).</p></fn><fn id="t1-fn3"><p>BMI; Body mass index, CPI; Community Periodontal Index, CMBs; Cerebral microbleeds.</p></fn><fn id="t1-fn4"><p>PVH; Periventricular Hyperintensity, DWMH; Deep White Matter Hyperintensity, MMSE; Mini-Mental State Examination.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap position="float" id="t2"><label>Table 2</label><caption><title>Comparison of clinical characteristics between the cerebral microbleeds (+) group and (−) group.</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Variable</th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Cerebral microbleeds<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">− (n = 206)</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">+ (n = 73)</th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">n (%)</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">n (%)</th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Clinical characteristics</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Age (years) ± SD</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">69.5 ± 5.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">70.2 ± 6.5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Age (range)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">59–89</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">54–87</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Sex (Male)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">140 (68)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">49 (67)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> BMI (kg/m<sup>2</sup>) ± SD</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">22.5 ± 2.7</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">23.4 ± 3.6*</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Hypertension</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">102 (50)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">43 (59)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Hyperlipidemia</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">118 (57)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">47 (64)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Diabetes mellitus</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">27 (13)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">8 (11)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> History of stroke</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2 (1.0)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">3 (4.1)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> History of cardiovascular disease</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">8 (3.9)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">6 (8.2)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Antiplatelet therapy</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">17 (8.3)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">12 (16)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Anticoagulant therapy</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7 (3.4)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">4 (5.5)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Drinking</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">140 (68)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">41 (56)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Smoking</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">26 (13)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">5 (6.8)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Education ≤12 years<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">108 (53)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">42 (60)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> baPWV (m/s) ± SD</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1728 ± 306.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1760 ± 298.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> hs-CRP ≥ 0.1 mg/dL</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">55 (27)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">22 (30)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Dental check-up findings</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Number of remaining teeth ± SD</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">22.9 ± 7.2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">22.3 ± 8.3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Dental caries+</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">60 (29)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">26 (36)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> CPI ≥ code 3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">50 (24)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">27 (37)*</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Laboratory evaluations</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> APOE ε4 allele carrier<sup>b</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">46 (23)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">12 (17)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> <italic>Streptococcus mutans</italic>-isolated</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">192 (93)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">69 (95)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> <italic>cnm</italic>-positive <italic>S. mutans</italic>-isolated</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">37 (18)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">54 (74)**</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Collagen binding activity ≥10%</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">28 (14)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">43 (59)**</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Brain MRI findings</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Distribution of CMBs</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Deep (%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">—</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">44 (60)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Lobar (%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">—</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">20 (27)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Mixed (%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">—</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">9 (12)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> PVH ≥ grade 2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">24 (12)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">11 (15)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> DWMH ≥ grade 2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">50 (24)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">27 (37)*</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Cognitive functional evaluations</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> MMSE (score) ± SD</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">28.5 ± 2.2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">27.9 ± 2.0*</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Letter fluency tasks</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> “Ta” (score) ± SD</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">8.5 ± 3.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7.6 ± 2.9*</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> “Ka” (score) ± SD</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">10.0 ± 3.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">9.2 ± 3.0</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t2-fn1"><p>*T-tests <italic>p</italic> < 0.05 and Chi-square tests <italic>p</italic> < 0.05, **T-tests <italic>p</italic> < 0.01 and Chi-square tests <italic>p</italic> < 0.01.</p></fn><fn id="t2-fn2"><p><sup>a</sup>Data are missing for education (n = 4). <sup>b</sup>Data are missing for APOE genotype (n = 7).</p></fn><fn id="t2-fn3"><p>BMI; Body mass index, CPI; Community Periodontal Index, CMBs; Cerebral microbleeds.</p></fn><fn id="t2-fn4"><p>PVH; Periventricular Hyperintensity, DWMH; Deep White Matter Hyperintensity, MMSE; Mini-Mental State Examination.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap position="float" id="t3"><label>Table 3</label><caption><title>Crude and adjusted odds ratio for the risk of cerebral microbleeds.</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Variable</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Crude</th><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>p-value</italic></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Model 1</th><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>p-value</italic></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Model 2</th><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>p-value</italic></th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">OR (95% CI)<sup>†</sup></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">OR (95% CI)<sup>†</sup></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">OR (95% CI)<sup>†</sup></th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Age</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.02 (0.98–1.07)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.37</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.02 (0.98–1.07)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.36</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.05 (0.98–1.13)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.15</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Sex (Male)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.96 (0.55–1.70)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.90</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.93 (0.53–1.66)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.81</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.90 (0.39–2.06)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.80</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">BMI ≥25 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.42 (0.73–2.76)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.30</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.02 (0.51–1.63)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.76</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.24 (0.47–3.24)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.66</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Hypertension</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.46 (0.73–2.76)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.17</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.47 (0.86–2.54)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.16</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.36 (0.62–2.98)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.44</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Hyperlipidemia</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.35 (0.78–2.34)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.29</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.38 (0.79–2.40)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.26</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.59 (0.74–3.42)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.23</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">diabetes mellitus</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.82 (0.35–1.89)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.63</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.84 (0.36–1.96)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.68</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.81 (0.26–2.56)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.72</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">history of stroke</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.21 (0.74–6.62)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.44</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.17 (0.72–6.49)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.17</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.42 (0.31–6.46)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.65</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">history of cardiovascular disease</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">4.37 (0.72–26.7)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.11</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">3.97 (0.63–24.9)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.14</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.94 (0.31–28.2)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.35</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Drinking</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.60 (0.35–1.04)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.07</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.59 (0.34–1.05)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.73</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.65 (0.30–1.38)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.26</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Smoking</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.51 (0.19–1.38)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.18</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.54 (0.19–1.48)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.23</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.07 (0.31–3.68)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.92</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">antiplatelet therapy</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.19 (0.99–4.84)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.53</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.12 (0.94–4.76)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.07</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.16 (0.64–7.25)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.21</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">anticoagulant therapy</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.65 (0.47–5.80)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.44</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.63 (0.46–5.80)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.45</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.77 (0.57–13.6)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.21</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Education ≤12 years</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.35 (0.78–2.34)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.29</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.32 (0.75–2.31)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.34</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.70 (0.33–1.47)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.35</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">baPWV (m/s) ± SD</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.00 (0.99–1.00)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.44</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.00 (0.99–1.00)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.65</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.00 (0.99–1.00)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.54</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">hs-CRP ≥0.1 mg/dL</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.18 (0.66–2.13)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.57</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.15 (0.64–2.08)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.64</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.72 (0.32–1.61)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.43</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Dental caries+</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.35 (0.77–2.37)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.30</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.37 (0.77–2.44)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.28</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.92 (0.42–2.01)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.83</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">CPI ≥ code 3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.83 (1.03–3.25)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>0.04</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1.84 (1.04–3.27)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>0.04</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.01 (0.95–4.28)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.07</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">APOE ε4 allele carrier</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.84 (0.40–1.75)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.64</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.87 (0.48–1.58)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.66</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.89 (0.33–2.38)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.81</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Collagen binding activity ≥10%</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">9.11 (4.94–16.8)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold><0.01</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">9.68 (5.17–18.1)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold><0.01</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">14.3 (6.53–31.1)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold><0.01</bold></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t3-fn1"><p><sup>†</sup>Odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), Bold values mean statistical significance at <italic>p</italic> < 0.05.</p></fn><fn id="t3-fn2"><p>Model 1: adjusted by age and sex.</p></fn><fn id="t3-fn3"><p>Model 2: adjusted by age, sex, BMI, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, history of stroke and cardiovascular disease, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, antiplatelet therapy, anticoagulant therapy, education, baPWV, hs-CRP, dental caries, CPI, APOE ε4 allele carrier and collagen binding activity.</p></fn><fn id="t3-fn4"><p>BMI; Body mass index, CPI; Community Periodontal Index.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap position="float" id="t4"><label>Table 4</label><caption><title>Comparison of characteristics between <italic>cnm</italic>-positive <italic>Streptococcus mutans</italic> (+) group and (−) group and background of collagen binding activity between the (+) group and the (−) group.</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Variable</th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>cnm</italic>-positive <italic>S. mutans</italic>-isolated<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Collagen binding activity ≥10%<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">− (n = 188)</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">+ (n = 91)</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">− (n = 208)</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">+ (n = 71)</th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">n (%)</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">n (%)</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">n (%)</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">n (%)</th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td colspan="5" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Clinical characteristics</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Age (years) ± SD</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">70.1 ± 6.1</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">68.9 ± 5.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">70.0 ± 6.1</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">69.1 ± 6.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Age (range)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">54–89</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">60–87</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">54–89</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">60–87</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Sex (Male)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">132 (70)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">57 (63)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">144 (69)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">45 (63)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> BMI (kg/m<sup>2</sup>) ± SD</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">22.6 ± 2.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">23.0 ± 3.6</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">22.6 ± 2.7</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">23.0 ± 3.6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Hypertension</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">94 (50)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">51 (56)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">105 (51)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">40 (56)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Hyperlipidemia</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">108 (57)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">57 (63)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">123 (59)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">42 (59)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Diabetes mellitus</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">25 (13)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">10 (11)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">28 (14)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7 (9.9)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> History of stroke</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">4 (2.1)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1 (1.1)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">4 (1.9)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1 (1.4)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> History of cardiovascular disease</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7 (3.7)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7 (7.7)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">9 (4.3)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">5 (7.0)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Antiplatelet therapy</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">17 (9.0)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">12 (13)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">21 (10)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">8 (11)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Anticoagulant therapy</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">8 (4.3)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">3 (3.3)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">9 (4.3)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2 (2.8)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Drinking</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">129 (69)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">52 (57)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">123 (59)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">42 (59)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Smoking</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">24 (13)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7 (7.7)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">12 (5.8)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">4 (5.6)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Education ≤12 years<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">102 (55)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">48 (55)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">112 (55)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">38 (54)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> baPWV (m/s) ± SD</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1728 ± 292.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1755 ± 329.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1728 ± 298.3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">1761 ± 323.6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> hs-CRP ≥ 0.1 mg/dL</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">49 (26)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">28 (31)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">52 (25)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">25 (35)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Dental check-up findings</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Number of remaining teeth ± SD</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">22.7 ± 7.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">22.8 ± 7.4</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">22.7 ± 7.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">22.8 ± 7.4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Dental caries+</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">52 (28)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">34 (37)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">52 (25)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">34 (48)**</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> CPI ≥ code 3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">48 (26)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">29 (32)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">56 (27)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">21 (30)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Laboratory evaluations</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> APOE ε4 allele carrier<sup>b</sup></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">40 (22)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">18 (20)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">44 (22)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">14 (20)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Collagen binding activity ≥10%</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">—</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">71 (78)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">—</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">—</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Brain MRI findings</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> CMBs</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">19 (10)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">54 (59)**</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">30 (14)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">43 (61)**</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Distribution of CMBs</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Deep (%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">6 (32)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">38 (70)**</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">15 (50)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">29 (67)**</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Lobar (%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">11 (58)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">9 (17)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">13 (43)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7 (16)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Mixed (%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2 (11)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7 (13)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2 (6.7)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7 (16)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> PVH ≥ grade 2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">24 (13)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">11 (12)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">26 (13)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">9 (13)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> DWMH ≥ grade 2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">51 (27)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">26 (29)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">56 (27)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">21 (30)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Cognitive functional evaluations</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> MMSE (score) ± SD</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">28.4 ± 2.2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">28.3 ± 2.0</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">28.3 ± 2.3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">28.5 ± 1.8</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Letter fluency tasks</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> “Ta” (score) ± SD</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">8.4 ± 3.6</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">8.0 ± 2.8</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">8.5 ± 3.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">7.6 ± 2.8**</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> “Ka” (score) ± SD</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">10.1 ± 3.4</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">9.2 ± 3.2*</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">10.1 ± 3.4</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">8.9 ± 3.3**</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t4-fn1"><p>*T-tests <italic>p</italic> < 0.05 and Chi-square tests <italic>p</italic> < 0.05, **T-tests <italic>p</italic> < 0.01 and Chi-square tests <italic>p</italic> < 0.01. <sup>a</sup>Data are missing for education (n = 4).</p></fn><fn id="t4-fn2"><p><sup>b</sup>Data are missing for APOE genotype (n = 7). BMI; Body mass index, CPI; Community Periodontal Index, CMBs; Cerebral microbleeds.</p></fn><fn id="t4-fn3"><p>PVH; Periventricular Hyperintensity, DWMH; Deep White Matter Hyperintensity, MMSE; Mini-Mental State Examination.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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